An EPC is a government-recognised document that shows how energy efficient a property is on a scale from A (very efficient) to G (least efficient). It also includes recommendations on ways the home could be made more efficient.

You need a valid EPC before you sell, let or build a property in England and Wales. If you don’t have one when required, you could be fined and your sale or rental cannot legally proceed.

Properties that don’t require an EPC include:

• Temporary buildings used for less than two years

• Stand-alone buildings under 50 m²

• Some listed or very old buildings where efficiency measures would alter their character

• Short-term holiday lets under four months a year

An EPC remains valid for 10 years from the date it’s issued. You only need a new one if it has expired and you’re selling or letting again. Some owners choose to renew earlier after major energy efficiency improvements so the rating reflects the changes.

If a tenancy is already in place, you don’t immediately need a new EPC when it expires. However, a valid EPC must be in place before you market the property again for let or sale.

To help the assessment go smoothly and accurately:

• Clear access to key areas such as lofts, cupboards, boiler and heating controls

• Move furniture or obstructions so the assessor can measure walls and floors

• Gather any documents showing recent efficiency upgrades (e.g., insulation, new boiler, double glazing) — these can help improve the accuracy of the rating

• Ensure safety items like loft hatches are accessible

• Know where your meter and boiler are located.

The assessor will not move furniture or personal possessions, and they don’t carry out invasive work.

During an EPC visit, the Domestic Energy Assessor will collect information such as:

• Heating type and controls

• Insulation levels (loft, walls, floor where visible)

• Windows and glazing type

• Lighting types

• Ventilation and draughts

• Hot water systems

• Property size and structural details

They will measure where necessary, take relevant photos and record all data in government-approved software.

It’s helpful to show certificates for recent improvements, such as new windows or insulation, as well as any previous EPC certificates. These won’t guarantee a higher rating, but they help the assessor produce a more accurate report.

No, an EPC does not legally force you to make any of the recommended changes. The recommendations are guidance only.

Most EPCs are lodged on the national register and issued within 24–48 hours of the assessment taking place. You can check the validity and details of an EPC online via the official EPC Register using the property address.